Seismic damages of electric grid facilities

DOI: 10.37153/2618-9283-2022-1-50-63

Authors:  
Rubric:     Seismic risk and damage   
Key words: electric grid facilities, trnsmition line, transformer substations, earthquake, damageability, seismic resistance
Annotation:

Electric grid facilities (EGF) are the part of life support system of territories. About of 30% of EGF of RF lay in the zone of 7 and more units of 12-units seismic scale MSK-64. Experience shows the damageability of EGF at earthquakes. In conditions of earthquake EGF objects show less seismic resistance than objects of electric generation (electric stations). Equipment of EGF objects shows less seismic resistance than civil structures, in which it is installed.

The object of this work is to create the recommendations for improvement of seismic resistance of main EGF objects – electric transmission lines (ETL) and transformer substations (TSS) – on the base of analysis of typical damages of these objects.

Analysis shows that main reasons of seismic damages of air ETL are elastic oscillations of transmission towers as well as their opposite mutual movement if occurs in different phases of seismic wave. Elastic oscillations cause deformation of truss angles due to shear force, damage of foundation and rupture of earth conductors. Opposite mutual movements cause dynamic changes of tension of line of air ETL, rupture of line conductors and rupture of cables of cable ETL

Main equipment of TSS includes power transformers, switching equipment and apparatus of relay defense and automatics (RDA). Seismic damages of power transformers are mainly caused by their displacements at earthquake. As a result of the displacements occur jerks and damages to electrical connections - flexible (wires) or rigid (bushing), which cause increase in the forces transmitted to the transformer insulators (porcelain) and lead to breakage of the latter, short circuits and fires. Main damages of switching equipment at earthquakes are connected with the cracking and break of porcelain insulating columns which are often used as a support of switching apparatus. This causes damage and fall of apparatus. Damages of RDA are mainly connected with deformation and fall of electric cabinets and also with fault or false action of contact elements with not enough seismic resistance.

On the base of analysis of seismic damages of equipment of EGF objects the recommendations for improvement of their seismic resistance are proposed.

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