Questions of social and economic studying of the geological environment which are defined by a number of the essential properties distinguishing it from other environments are considered. The approaches to the technique and methodology of the insurance division of the territory of the Russian Federation are shown. The necessity of carrying out geological and permafrost insurance risks is proved. For receiving insurance ratings on the territory need of introduction of standard and legal acts, normative and technical and methodical documents of federal, regional and municipal levels is given.