Features of wind effect on the structure of a steel hyperbolic cooling tower

DOI: 10.37153/2618-9283-2024-4-35-56

Authors:  
Rubric:     Theoretical and experimental studies   
Key words: construction aerodynamics, wind load, steel cooling towers, similarity criteria, strain gauge scales, local aerodynamic coefficients
Annotation:

Introduction. Paper considers methods for analyzing the impact of wind flow on chimney-type frame-and-sheath 12-sided steel cooling tower (SCT) with irrigation area of 1600 m². The main goal of conducting numerical and experimental studies of wind flow around the SCT is to verify the experimental data obtained in wind tunnel, as well as to select turbulence model that most accurately describes the phenomena obtained during experimental studies. The development of chimney-type frame-and-sheath steel cooling towers faces number of unsolved problems, which significantly complicates the design process. The main obstacle is lack of clearly substantiated values of loads and impacts on such structures in current regulatory documents. Wind action, being inconstant in strength and direction, has a significant impact on the bearing capacity of cooling tower, taking into account its shape. These studies will not only clarify the calculated values of wind pressure, but also develop more effective methods for calculating loads on cooling towers.

Materials and methods. The work is based on use of such approaches of construction aerodynamics as tensometric weight studies, method of drainage of models, methods of wind flow visualization "velocimetry", or shadow method, method of silk threads, allowing to fully evaluate the behavior of the structure in wind flow. Using AutoCAD CFD software was performed numerical analysis with subsequent comparison of data obtained results with experimental studies. During experimental part of study were used models made by means of 3D printing for blowing in construction wind tunnel, taking into account the frame of steel casing of cooling tower to determine the actual diagrams of wind pressure distribution on tower frame-casing cooling tower with hyperbolic shape, taking into account the seasonality of operation, as well as stages of construction, to identify the most unfavorable design situations of the wind influence.

Results. The values of the total wind pressure coefficients Cx, Cy, C_Mz have been determined, confirming the high comparability of the experimental data within the range from 95 % to 100 % with national standards. The values and nature of the distribution of local aerodynamic coefficients Cp differ from those proposed in regulatory documents in terms of peak values at an active pressure of 30 % to 50 %, the length of the region and zones with negative pressures that occur when a vortex comes off. The independence of the aerodynamic coefficient Cp from the Reynolds number R_e within the range from 2,71 × 105 to 3,29 × 105. Theory Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes SST k-ω DES analysis has been substantiated, most accurately describing the nature of wind flow around design models.

Conclusions. The data of experimental studies allowed to establish the values of the coefficients of total wind pressure, similarity criteria, as well as the values and nature of the distribution of local aerodynamic coefficients on the design of the cooling tower. Based on the results of numerical and experimental studies is proposed refined method for standardizing the wind effect on frame-and-sheath 12-sided steel cooling tower with irrigation area of 1600 m² taking into account the seasonality of operation and construction stages.

Used Books:

1. Titkov S.O. Refinement of the wind load on tower metal cooling towers, taking into account the features of the structural form and stages of construction: PhD tesis. Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DNACEA). Makeevka. 2022:224. [In Russian]

2. Titkov S.O., Yugov A.M., Vasylev V.N., Lozinskij E.A. Physical modeling and analysis of wind flow influence around a free-standing metal cooling tower. Metal Constructions. 2021; 27(2):83–96. [In Russian]

3. Titkov S.O., Yugov A.M., Vasylev V.N., Lozinskij E.A. Experimental study of wind impact on a hyperbolic cooling tower in a wind tunnel taking into account the installation stages. Metal Constructions. 2021; 27(4):197–215. [In Russian]

4. Cooling Tower Design Guide (to SNiP 2.04.02-84). Moscow: Central Institute of Standard Design; 1989. [In Russian]

5. Cooling Tower Design Guide. Moscow: Soyuzvodokanalproekt; 1980. [In Russian]

6. Guide to calculating buildings and structures for wind action. Moscow: Strojizdat, CNIISK im. V.A. Koucherenko 1978. [In Russian]

7. Gorokhov E.V., Vasylev V.N., Kuznetsov S.G., Garanzha I.M., Lozinskiy E.A. Experimental aerodynamic characteristics of sections for polyhedral bent poles. Metal Constructions. 2010; 16(4):251–258. [In Russian]

8. Kuznetsov S.G. Wave formation effects when wind flows around high-rise buildings and structures. Donetsk: Nord-Press. 2019, 200 p. [In Russian]

9. Makhinko A., Makhinko N. Modelling of wind impacts on silos and silo parks. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 2021; 1164(1):012048. https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1757-899X/1164/1/012048 [In Russian]

10. Belostockij A.M., Akimov P.A., Afanaseva I.N. Computational Aerodynamics in Construction Problems. Moscow: ASV. 2017, 720 p. [In Russian]

11. Lozinskij E.A. Rational parameters of prismatic high-rise buildings minimize the impact of wind pressure on the surrounding buildings: PhD tesis / Lozinskiy Eduard Aleksandrovich; Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DNACEA). Makeevka; 2013:213. [In Russian]

12. Karakozova A., Mondrus V. The refinement of dynamic wind load on masts and towers. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 869(5):052017. https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1757-899X/869/5/052017 [In Russian]

13. Holmes J., Paton C., Kerwin R. Wind Loading on Structures. London: EOP Press; 2007. ttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203964286

14. Alok J. Effect of Wind Loads on Structural Deformation of Cooling Tower. Journal of Structural Analysis and Design. 2020; 573(2):133–147.

15. Gaikwad Tejas G., Gore N.G., Sayagavi V.G., Madhavi Kiran, Pattiwar Sandeep. Effect of Wind Loading on Analysis of Natural Draught Hyperbolic Cooling Tower. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. 2019; 4(1):2249–8958.

16. Kulkarni S.R., Hosur V. Response of Cooling Tower to Wind Loads. The IUP Journal of Structural Engineering. 2023; 7(1):114–120.

17. Gorokhov E.V., Kuznetsov S.G., Vasylev V.N. Wind environment around a high-rise building. Construction, materials science, mechanical engineering. 2007; 43:139–147. [In Russian]

18. Gorokhov E.V., Kuznetsov S.G., Vasylev V.N. Wind Impact on High-Rise Buildings and Their Complexes. Collection of Scientific Papers of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. 2008:86–90. [In Russian]

19. Gorokhov E.V., Kuznetsov S.G. Wind loads on low buildings in high-rise development. Modern industrial and civil engineering. 2016; 22(1):51–56. [In Russian]

20. Gorokhov E.V., Mushchanov V.F., Timofeev N.V. Experimental study of the values of aerodynamic coefficients on models of roof shells. Bulletin of the Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2021; 2(5):31–44. [In Russian]

21. Kuznetsov S.G. Wind regime in the ground area of a high-rise building. Bulletin of the Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2008; 2(10):100–103. [In Russian]

22. Kuznetsov S.G. Wind regime around a high-rise building located in a development. Bulletin of the Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 1998; 4(12):130–139. [In Russian]

23. Kuznetsov S.G. Interaction of two high-rise buildings in a wind flow. Scientific and technical collection Donetsk PromstroyNIIproekt. Modern problems of civil engineering. 2017; 5(10):54–59. [In Russian]